1985 in the war between the two countries, as concluded in the report of the medical specialist appointed by the Secretary-General. 32
"'They recall the statement of 30 March 1984 by the President of the Security Council on behalf of the members. 3l They strongly condemn the renewed use of chemical weapons in the conflict and any possible future use of such weapons. They again urge the strict observance of the Geneva Protocol of 1925, 34 according to which the use in war of chemical weapons is prohibited and has been justly condemned by the world community.
"'The members of the Council condemn all violations of international humanitarian law and urge
32 Official Records of the Security Council, Fortieth Year, Supplement/or April, May and June 1985, document S/17127 and Add. I.
33 See Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1984, p. 10.
34 League of Nations, Treaty Series, vol. XCIV (1929), No. 2138, p. 6S.

both parties to observe the generally recognized principles and rules of international humanitarian law which are applicable to armed conflicts and their obligations under international conventions designed to prevent or alleviate the human suffering of warfare. At the same time, they urge a cessation of hostilities and remain convinced that a prompt, comprehensive, just and honourable settlement acceptable to both sides is essential and in the interest of international peace and security.
'"The members of the council express their full appreciation and support to the Secretary-General for his report contained in document S/17097. They are ready to issue at the appropriate moment an invitation to both parties to take part in a renewed examination of all aspects of the conflict. They call on the parties to co-operate with the Security Council and with the Secretary-General in their efforts to restore peace to the peoples of Iran and Iraq."'

THE QUESTION OF SOUTH AFRICA>'

Decisions At its 2571st meeting, on 8 March 1985, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Democratic Yemen, Guinea, South Africa, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Republic of Tanzania and Viet Nam to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the item entitled "The question of South Africa: letter dated 28 February 1985 from the Deputy Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/16991)". 36
At the same meeting, the Council also decided to extend an invitation, under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure, to the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid.
Resolution 560 (1985)
of 12 March 1985
The Security Council, Recalling its resolutions 473 (1980), 554 (1984) and 556 (1984), which, inter alia, demanded the cessation of
3S RC:S<?lutions or decisions on this question were also adopted by the C~~alm 19~7, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 and 1984.
See Official Records of the Security Council, Fortieth Year, Supplement for January, February and March I985.

the uprootings, relocation and denationalization of the indigenous African people,
Noting with deep concern the aggravation of the situation in South Africa resulting from repeated killings of defenceless opponents of apartheid in various townships all over South Africa and, most recently, the killing of African demonstrators against forced removals at Crossroads,
Gravely concerned by the arbitrary arrests of members of the United Democratic Front and other mass organizations opposed to the apartheid regime,
Deeply concerned by the preferment of charges of "high treason" on Mrs. Albertina Sisulu, Mr. Archie Gumede, Mr. George Sewpershad, Mr. M. J. Naidoo, the Reverend Frank Chikana, Professor Ismael Mohammed, Mr. Mewa Ramgobin, Mr. Cassim Saloojee, Mr. Paul David, Mr. Essop Jasset, Mr. Curtis Nkondo, Mr .Aubrey Mokoena, Mr. Thomazile Qweta, Mr. Sisa Njikelana, Mr. Sam Kikine and Mr. Isaac Ngcobo, officials of the United Democratic Front and other opponents of apartheid for their participation in the nonviolent campaign for a united non-racial and democratic South Africa,
A ware that racist South Africa's intensified repression and charges of "high treason" against leading opponents of apartheid constitute an effort further to entrench racist minority rule,
Concerned that repression further undermines the possibilities of a peaceful solution of the South African conflict,
Concerned over racist South Africa's policy of the uprooting, denationalization and dispossession of three

7

and a half million indigenous African people to date, thus swelling the ranks of the other millions already doomed .to permanent unemployment and starvation,
Noting with indignation that South Africa's policy of bantustanization is also aimed at the creation of internal bases for the fomenting of fratricidal conflict,
1. Strongly condemns the Pretoria regime for the killing of defenceless African people protesting against their forced removal from Crossroads and other places;
2. Strongly condemns the arbitrary arrests by the Pretoria regime of members of the United Democratic Front and other mass organizations opposed to South Africa's policy of apartheid;
3. Calls upon the Pretoria regime to release unconditionally and immediately all political prisoners and detainees, including Nelson Mandela and all other black leaders with whom it must deal in any meaningful discussion of the future of the country;
4. Also calls upon the Pretoria regime to withdraw the charges of "high treason" instituted against the United Democratic Front officials, and calls for their immediate and unconditional release;
S. Commends the massive united resistance of the oppressed people of South Africa against apartheid, and reaffirms the legitimacy of their struggle for a united, non-racial and democratic South Africa;
6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the implementation of the present resolution;
7. Decides to remain seized of the matter.
Adopted unanimously at the 2574th meeting.
Decisions
At its 2600th meeting, on 25 July 1985, the Council decided to invite the representatives of Cuba, Kenya, Mali and South Africa to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the item entitled:
"The question of South Africa: "Letter dated 24 July 1985 from the Permanent Representative of France to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/17351); 37 "Letter dated 25 July 1985 from the Permanent Representative of Mali to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/17356)". 37
At the same meeting, the Council also decided to extend an invitation, under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure, to the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid.
At its 260lst meeting, on 26 July 1985, the Council decided to invite the representatives of the Central
37 Ibid., Supplement for July, August and September 1985.

African Republic, Ethiopia, the German Democratic Republic, Senegal, the Syrian Arab Republic and Zaire to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
At its 2602nd meeting, on 26 July 1985, the Council decided to invite the representative of Yugoslavia to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the question.
Resolution 569 (1985)
of 26 July 1985
The Security Council, Deeply concerned at the worsening of the situation in South Africa and at the continuance of the human suffering that the apartheid system, which the Council strongly condemns, is causing in that country, Outraged at the repression, and condemning the arbitrary arrests of hundreds of persons, Considering that the imposition of the state of emergency in thirty-six districts of the Republic of South Africa constitutes a grave deterioration of the situation in that country, Considering as totally unacceptable the practice by the South African Government of detention without trial and of forcible removal, as well as the discriminatory legislation in force, Acknowledging the legitimacy of the aspirations of the South African population as a whole to benefit from all civil and political rights and to establish a united nonracial and democratic society, Acknowledging further that the very cause of the situation in South Africa lies in the policy of apartheid and the practices of the South African Government, 1. Strongly condemns the apartheid system and all the policies and practices deriving therefrom; 2. Strongly condemns the mass arrests and detentions recently carried out by the Pretoria Government and the murders which have been committed; 3. Strongly condemns the establishment of the state of emergency in the thirty-six districts in which it has been imposed and demands that it be lifted immediately; 4. Calls upon the South African Government to set free immediately and unconditionally all political prisoners and detainees, first of all, Mr. Nelson Mandela; 5. Reaffirms that only the total elimination of apartheid and the establishment in South Africa of a free, united and democratic society on the basis of universal suffrage can lead to a solution; 6. Urges States Members of the United Nations to adopt measures against South Africa, such as the following: (a) Suspension of all new investment in South Africa; (b) Prohibition of the sale of krugerrands and all other coins minted in South Africa;

8

